Guangming Daily: Leaving Precious Wealth to the World - Remembering Professor Niu Manjiang, a renowned American developmental biologist

Release time:

2007-11-17

 

In the early morning of November 8, 2007, at 2:40 AM, Professor Niu Manjiang, a world-renowned developmental biologist, American scholar, patriot, tenured professor at Temple University, and doctoral supervisor at the Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, passed away due to acute respiratory failure caused by high fever and pulmonary fungal infection. Upon the announcement of his passing, condolences poured in from home and abroad, with Professor Niu's former collaborators and friends offering wreaths. People will not forget this scientist who made significant contributions to developmental biology.

 

"Through joys and sorrows, walking a thousand paths in life, leaving behind ten thousand feelings without regrets." These two lines, written by the renowned musician Wang Liping in memory of Professor Niu Manjiang, accurately reflect Professor Niu's life.
 

Working in the laboratory the day before his life ended

 

October 31st was Professor Niu Manjiang's 95th birthday. Apart from some hearing loss and leg pain, the professor remained in good health, particularly his clear thinking, highly logical speech, and orderly research experiments, leaving a deep impression on others.
 
Unexpectedly, we realized that Professor Niu Manjiang, whom we considered "healthy," had been enduring considerable physical pain. During the process of rescuing Professor Niu Manjiang, we learned that he suffered from multiple myeloma, had bilateral pleural effusion, only 1/5 of the white blood cells of a healthy person, a hemoglobin level of only 6 grams, decreased immune function, and rapidly failing cardiopulmonary and renal functions. Even so, 95-year-old Professor Niu Manjiang was still working in the laboratory the day before his death.
 
What spirit sustained Professor Niu Manjiang? Professor Niu Manjiang often recalled to people – "Premier Zhou is gone, Deng Xiaoping is also gone, I haven't finished the things I promised them, I can't go", "If the work is not completed, I will die in the laboratory, die at my work post." Professor Niu Manjiang worked in China for eight months every year, spending more than ten hours a day in the laboratory, without rest on weekends. Some people advised Professor Niu Manjiang not to go to the laboratory anymore, but the professor replied: "Don't look at my age, look at whether I still have a clear mind, rigorous thinking, and whether I can still do research work." "The work I promised Premier Zhou and Deng Xiaoping is not yet finished, I cannot stop, I must be responsible for my commitment."
 
Professor Niu Manjiang was a developmental biologist who had already gained international recognition in the 1950s. For half a century, he devoted himself to the research of "the unique function of ribonucleic acid in development," thus opening up new avenues for the artificial cultivation of new species.

 

As early as 1953, Professor Niu Manjiang's paper on the important role of mRNA in genetic development attracted attention in the field of developmental biology. In 1975, he collaborated with the world-renowned geneticist Professor Tatum to discover that plant mRNA alters heredity. His research on the application of messenger ribonucleic acid in agriculture received a US patent. Professor Niu Manjiang published more than 80 academic papers in his lifetime, twice won the Guggenheim Fellowship and the Lilie Award, and proposed the exogene theory. It should be said that initially people did not understand the exogene theory; the establishment of a theory requires time and process. Recent research has discovered the heritable function of RNA, especially the discovery that much information in egg cells is transmitted by RNA, proving that exogenous mRNA is the genetic material in the cytoplasm of egg cells, with the function of inducing differentiation of different organ cells, and that phenotypic variations caused by exogenous genes are heritable. In the scientific field of RNA function research, exogenes are not only related to the origin of life but can also be widely used in the breeding of superior varieties of animals and plants.
 

Promoting Sino-US academic exchanges, walking thousands of paths in the world

 

Professor Niu Manjiang was appointed honorary professor or consultant by more than 80 institutions in China. He worked in China for 34 years, promoting Sino-US academic exchanges and the development of domestic scientific research, leaving his footprints all over the country. The paths he walked numbered far more than a thousand.
 
Professor Niu Manjiang had a deep love for his motherland and attended the National Day reception every year. This year, he received an invitation signed by Premier Wen Jiabao, which moved him deeply. For many years, the country had not forgotten him, the people had not forgotten him, and he felt excited about this. Even more memorable and exciting was the invitation he received from the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs to attend their National Day reception in 2006, his first time attending such an event. Deng Xiaoping was gone, but Deng Xiaoping's words, "The Chinese people will not forget you," and "Welcome you to work in China every year," remained. Faced with this scene, Professor Niu Manjiang was moved to tears, reminding him of many past events.

 

Professor Niu Manjiang, with the foresight and courage of a scientist, broke through the barriers between scholars of China and the United States, where any contact or exchange was forbidden, opening up avenues for scientific cooperation to improve Sino-US relations. In particular, Professor Niu Manjiang's joint research with Professor Tong Dizhou, Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and biologist, on animal embryo transplantation achieved success, which is of great significance in the field of developmental biology research.
 
To establish a research base for developmental biology in China, he proposed and assisted the Chinese Academy of Sciences in establishing the Institute of Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, raising millions of US dollars from the Rockefeller Foundation and the United Nations. In addition to research and lecturing, Professor Niu Manjiang also donated instruments and reagents to domestic research institutions, introducing advanced biological science research technologies to China.
 
In October 1973, Premier Zhou Enlai received Professor Niu Manjiang and his wife, thanking him for his contribution to promoting Sino-US academic exchanges. In 1977, the first foreign guests received by Deng Xiaoping after his return to power were Niu Manjiang and his wife. In 1979, when the Chinese government delegation visited the United States, he worked hard to facilitate Temple University awarding Deng Xiaoping an honorary doctorate of law. In 1980, he facilitated the establishment of sister schools between Nankai University and Temple University, and sister cities between Tianjin and Philadelphia. US President Bush also met with Professor Niu Manjiang several times, presenting him and his wife with a gold tie clip and brooch bearing the presidential seal to thank him for his contribution to Sino-US exchanges. In 1993, 2000, and 2006, he was received by national leaders Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, and State Councilor Chen Zhili. Professor Niu Manjiang's outstanding contributions to his motherland have been fully affirmed and highly praised by Chinese leaders.
 

The exogene theory continues, leaving ten thousand feelings behind

 

Professor Niu Manjiang is gone, but he leaves behind a great intangible asset – the exogene theory. The laboratory staff regret the unfinished research on agricultural breeding and diabetes treatment, which represent the culmination of Professor Niu's lifelong work and hold high scientific value and practical application significance. In addition, one of Professor Niu Manjiang's wishes was to use the exogene theory to establish a new species breeding base in Sanya, Hainan, establishing the "Manjiang Sanya Laboratory" and building a biotechnology platform for Hainan... Faced with Professor Niu Manjiang's unfinished research work, 87-year-old Professor Zhang Baoying, Niu's wife, chose to be strong: "Manjiang is gone, but I'm still here, and I will finish the work Manjiang left behind."

 

Niu Manjiang is gone, leaving behind a precious legacy of patriotism and unwavering dedication to scientific pursuits.

 

(The author is a senior engineer at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.)

Related

Government-enterprise exchanges promote development, exploring a new future for biomedicine together

On the morning of February 27, 2025, Hu Quan, former Party Secretary of Pingdingshan Municipal Committee and Party Secretary of the Standing Committee of Zhengzhou Municipal People's Congress, led a group of leaders from Zhengzhou's Erqi District to Yuanhua Bio Company, embarking on a significant exploration journey into the great health industry. The aim was to promote in-depth exchanges between the government and enterprises, and to plan the development of the regional great health industry.

2025-02-27

Yuanhua Company Supports the Filial Piety and Respect for the Elderly Public Welfare Activity in Tunnan Community - 56th Session

January 15, 2025. Tunnan Community, in collaboration with the Development Zone Civilization Office, held the 56th Collective Assistant Public Welfare Activity for Filial Piety and Respect for the Elderly, aiming to promote the traditional Chinese virtues of respecting the elderly and loving the young.

2025-01-16

Yuanhua Biological Company's donation warms Xuchang City Social Welfare Institute

On January 14, 2025, a special group of guests arrived at Xuchang City Social Welfare Institute. Representatives from Xuchang Yuanhua Biotechnology Co., Ltd. donated supplies worth 20,000 yuan, bringing warmth and care to the children.

2025-01-16

Mr. Zhang Jianguo, Chairman of Yuanhua Group, was invited to attend the 17th National Health Association for Retired Cadres

Mr. Zhang Jianguo, Chairman of Yuanhua Group, was invited to attend the 17th National Health Association for Retired Cadres, grandly held at the State Guesthouse No. 2 (the Second State Guesthouse of the State Council) in Beijing from January 4th to 5th, 2025.

2025-01-06

Yuanhua Group's Love Supports the Public Welfare Undertaking of the Guangdong Provincial Federation of the Disabled

On the special day of January 5, 2025, Yuanhua Group, upholding its love and social responsibility, donated Quan Yi De Calcium Aspartate to the Guangdong Provincial Federation of the Disabled. This act of love is like the warm sun in winter, injecting warmth and strength into the cause of disability welfare.

2025-01-06

Building a secure and civilized cyberspace together

With the advent of the Internet of Everything era, individuals, businesses, and countries have fully integrated into the internet. This presents unprecedented development opportunities as well as unprecedented security challenges.

2025-03-07